Many people think of palm trees when they think of Florida. It is an iconic species and Florida’s state tree, specifically the cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto). Whether you inherit a landscape with mature palms or are considering planting palms in your yard, you will need to know how to properly care for them. This time of year is when we talk about fertilizing palms, so if your palms are exhibiting a nutrient deficiency, read the section on fertilizing closely and also take a listen to our palm fertilizer episode of Your Central Florida Yard podcast: link.chtbl.com/cSUckX8W.
Here are the basics when it comes to planting, fertilizing, and pruning palms.
Planting Palms
One of the most common problems with landscape plants, especially trees and shrubs, is that they are planted too deep. This preventable practice can lead to the early decline or death of a plant, especially palm trees. When planting your palm, dig the planting hole about twice the diameter of the root ball and the depth so that the top of the root ball is even with the soil surface. Do not cut roots that wrap around a container-grown palm as this will affect the growth. This is a very different practice than planting broadleaf trees, where it is suggested to cut wrapping roots.
Summer is a great time of year to plant both container and field grown palms. Always look for a cold-hardy palm that will grow in central Florida zone 9b/10a. Common palms for our area include pindo palm, European fan palm, mule palm and cabbage palm.
Fertilizing Palms
Do you have palms growing in or near your lush green lawn that always seem to look yellow? Palm trees in Florida are often nutrient deficient when grown in, or near, a fertilized lawn, which can lead to an unsightly appearance such as yellow fronds, brown and abnormal frond tips, streaking, spotting and other presentations.
Fertilization is key in maintaining healthy palms. The recommended fertilizer analysis is 8-0-12+4Mg. The first three numbers represent the percentage of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and the fourth number is for magnesium (Mg). The fertilizer should also contain micronutrients. It is also important to look for a palm fertilizer that has nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium in slow-release form and that most of the micronutrients are in water soluble form. Correcting nutrient deficiencies can take up to 2 to 3 years.
The application and timing method are also important. Palm fertilizer should be applied evenly under the canopy of the palm. Bands of fertilizer or spikes are not recommended since these concentrations may burn the palm roots. In central Florida, you can fertilize palms three times during the year, skipping a winter fertilizer application.
It is also important to remember that if you are correcting existing nutrient deficiencies, the affected palm fronds will not recover to their preferred appearance. The new fronds will emerge with no symptoms. And, while it is tempting to cut off the unsightly fronds, it is not recommended. These fronds (until fully brown) continue to provide nutrients to the palm.
Pruning Palms
Another major problem with palms is over pruning. Only completely dead fronds should be removed as previously mentioned. While yellow leaves may be unsightly, they are an indication of something going on. These leaves should be left on as they are still helping to support the palm through mobile nutrients, such as potassium (K).
A healthy palm tree should actually have a 360-degree canopy of leaves. However, often they are over pruned due to nutrient deficiency symptoms. It is also recommended to not remove leaves above the horizon of three to nine (like on a clock). Also, hurricane pruning is a harmful and unnecessary practice since it leaves the palm more susceptible in high wind situations.
You may be wondering about the flowers and fruit stalks. It is fine to leave them or prune them. If you have a palm that produces fruit that you do not want dropping litter in the yard or a paved surface, it is easier to trim off the lighter flower stalk than waiting to prune a heavy fruit stalk.
If you have questions about palms, need a palm problem identified, or have other gardening questions, contact UF/IFAS Extension Polk County at (863) 519-1041 or visit us online at sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/ polk. The Plant Clinic is open Monday-Friday, 9 am - 4 pm to answer your gardening and landscaping questions. Give us a call or email us at polkmg@ifas.ufl.edu.
To learn more about gardening and landscaping in central Florida, listen to the Your Central Florida Yard podcast. You can find the podcast wherever you listen or find out more on our Substack: substack.com/@yourcentralfloridayard.
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