There is a capacity within the best-told stories on screen to become timeless in a way that connects people across generations, despite the differences in years between those watching them.
During the holiday season, we are reminded to extend uncommon kindness and promote inclusion to those outside our social spheres. We’ve long been encouraged by a multitude of traditions to see ourselves as more similar than different, to foster a moment of peace and light during the darkest months of the year.
Sixty years ago this December, a beloved tale was transformed into a television special brimming with heart, unforgettable voice talent, and a distinctive stop-motion technique known as “Animagic.”
When copywriter Robert May wrote the story of a reindeer born different, he did so during the darkest days he’d ever known. His wife was in the late stages of cancer, and he was deep in medical debt when he was given the assignment to create a “cheery” children’s book to distribute to shoppers at Montgomery Ward stores. After selecting a reindeer as the hero of his story, he drew from his own painful childhood experiences to craft the narrative, working in his spare time at home. He spent about 50 hours writing it and then read it to his young daughter. After his wife passed away, his boss asked if he wanted to pass the project to someone else, but he declined. Once finished, he gathered his young daughter, Barbara, and her grandparents in the living room to read it to them. “In their eyes, I could see that the story accomplished what I had hoped,” he later reflected.
May had difficulty finding a publisher for what was now his “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” poem book. “Nobody wanted him, not with six million copies already distributed. Finally, I found a publisher—a little guy with a big nose—who said he knew what it was like for Rudolph and was willing to take a chance on a printing.” In 1948, May persuaded his brother-in-law, Johnny Marks, to write the words and music for a musical adaptation of “Rudolph” (Marks would later be responsible for the music featured in the Rankin/ Bass TV special). The song became immensely popular and was recorded by Dean Martin and Perry Como, among others. In the following years, the story of “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” became cherished, celebrated, and loved by people all over the world.
On December 6, 1964, audiences watching the General Electric Hour on NBC enjoyed the story of Rudolph in a stop-motion style called “Animagic,” created by Rankin/Bass Productions. Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass founded the company Videocraft International, Ltd. in New York City on September 14, 1960. Prior to “Rudolph,” the duo created a television show called “The New Adventures of Pinocchio” and various television commercials, including some for future “Rudolph” sponsor General Electric.
The unique stop-motion animation style used by Rankin/Bass in most of their holiday specials created a textured world that felt closer and more tangible than those created by traditional cel animation. Notably utilized by “Gumby” creator Art Clokey, director George Pal, and special effects animator Ray Harryhausen, stop-motion animation is a filmmaking technique where physical objects are manipulated and photographed frame by frame to create the illusion of movement. Rankin/Bass’s Animagic is characterized by doll-like characters with rounded body parts and textures like fabric, felt, and wood. These stylized puppets are filmed one frame at a time, giving the animation a choppy and playful look.
Although it was an American company, most of Rankin/Bass’s well-known “Animagic” stopmotion productions were actually created in Tokyo, Japan. During the 1960s, these projects were led by Japanese stop-motion animator Tadahito Mochinaga. Elements of Japanese animation appear throughout Rankin/Bass holiday specials, contributing to the unique aesthetic that continues to enchant viewers across years and generations.
At the time of its first airing, NBC was one of only three channels available in most households. Holiday television specials were not as common as they would soon become, so the program was heavily promoted using the star power of its voice actors. The voice actors were chosen to appeal to multiple generations and were animated to resemble the actors themselves—something that created a timeless quality for later audiences, for whom Sam the Snowman became synonymous with Burl Ives.
For the first time in over 50 years, Rudolph the RedNosed Reindeer is returning to NBC. The special will air on December 6 at 8 pm., with an encore on December 12 at 8 pm.
